Economic Efficiency and Profitability of Resource Conservation Technologies in the Rice-wheat Cropping System in India’s Indo-gangetic Plains: A Review

This review paper aims to thoroughly analyse the economic viability and profitability of resource conservation technologies in the rice-wheat cropping system in India’s Indo-Gangetic Plains. A thorough analysis of the body of current research has been considered as part of the manuscript preparation process. The utilization of resource-saving technology is crucial in maintaining and improving the rice-wheat system’s productivity while lowering production costs. Zero tillage methods for wheat and DSR and FIRB methods for rice were found to be most commonly used resource conserving technologies in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Additionally, data suggests that implementing resource conservation methods led to a notable increase in productivity, cost reduction and sustainability in the rice-wheat system. Adoption of resource-conserving technology decreased farmers’ costs per ha by 20–22 per cent and raised net income by 25–30 per cent in the wheat-rice system. The high cost of RCTs machinery, the lack of a comprehensive resource conservation agriculture package for different agro climatic regions, the scarcity of suitable varieties for RCT technology and the shortage of skilled agricultural laborers to effectively operate machinery were noted as barriers to technology access. Aside from improving technical efficiency, other important elements that positively impact the adoption of RCTs include financial availability, improved extension services and resource management training. The policies must be developed to promote and facilitate the broader use of these technologies accordingly.