Agricultural Reviews
  • Year: 2026
  • Volume: 47
  • Issue: 2

Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Lactobacillus acidophilus Cell-free Supernatant against Human Colon Carcinoma Cell Line

  • Author:
  • Mustafa A. Hadid1, Ahmed Flayyih Hasan2*, Mohammad F. Al-Halbosiy2, Noorhan Sabih Al-Maliki4, Abdulwahid B. Al-Shaibani34, Sameer Abed Mohammed5, Hany M. El-Wahsh6
  • Total Page Count: 8
  • Page Number: 295 to 302

1Department of Applied Pathological Analysis, College of Sciences, Al-Nahrain University, 10011Baghdad, Iraq.

2Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, 10011Baghdad, Iraq.

3Department of Biology, Al-Farabi University College, 10011Baghdad, Iraq.

4College of Biotechnology, Al-Nahrain University, 10011Baghdad, Iraq.

5Collage of Pharmacy, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq.

6Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.

*Corresponding Author: Ahmed Flayyih Hasan, Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, 10011Baghdad, Iraq. Email: ahmed_flayyih@nahrainuniv.edu.iq

Abstract

Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the promising probiotics that attracts the attention of the scientific community to research its therapeutic characteristics that can provide an option to fight colon cancer.

The cytotoxic effect of cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LACFS) was evaluated by using the MTT 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) test to measure cell viability and the high content screening assay (HCS) to detect apoptotic cell death.

LACFS was found to possess the highest anticancer activity on Caco-2 at 50 μg/ml. NCM425 cells were more tolerant toward LACFS than the Caco-2 when the Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 161.8 μg/ml on NCM425 compared to 30.63 μg/ml on Caco-2. When 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 μg/ml concentrations of LACFS were applied, a substantial drop in mitochondrial membrane potential occurred. A significant rise in cytochrome C release and total nuclear intensity was recorded at 25 and 50 μg/ml concentrations and the viable cell count was decreased at 12.5, 25 and 50 μg /ml, while membrane permeability was dropped at 50 μg/ml. The expression of caspase 3 was observed at 50 μg/ml only while caspase 9 expression was seen at 25 and 50 μg/ml which further indicates that the harmful effect on the Caco2 cells causes them to die through apoptosis.

Keywords

Apoptosis, Colon cancer, Cytotoxicity, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Probiotics