A Comparative Study of Some Biomarkers for Different Types of Cancers in Iraqi Patients

Breast cancer, the most frequently occurring cancer in women, is a major public health problem, with 1,384,155 estimated new cases worldwide with nearly 459,000 related deaths.

Forty subjects included in this study were represented by their archival formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks with breast tissue from the archives of Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad. Their age ranged from 35 to 70 years. This study was carried out in Department of patholohgy research of the National Cancer research Center and Forty subjects included in this study were represented by their archival formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks with cervical tissues collected from the archives of Teaching Hospitals in Baghdad and from private laboratories.

Rusults obtained from this study indicate that most patients were positive for Twist2 expression and significant correlation of Twist 2 expression with breast cancer has been found , which indicates that the overexpression of Twist2 may contribute to breast cancer progression by activating the EMT program. we found that 33% of the positive cases shoed nuclear expression and 67% showed cytoplasmic localization which indicates the role of the Twist 2 with the loss of cell to cell junction metastasis of the breast cancer cells. Twist2 cellular localization determines the role of Twist 2 in the EMT, The cytoplasmic Twist2 in cancer cells at tumor center of primary carcinomas and lymph metastases contributes to the maintenance of epithelial cancer characteristics expressing E-cadherin in a noninvasive state, while the nuclear Twist2 at the cancer invasion front activates EMT to deprive epithelial property of neoplastic cells, thus facilitating invasion and metastasis.