1Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agriculture University, Bikaner-334 006, Rajasthan, India
2Integrated Water and Land Management Programme, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Jordan
3Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Bikaner-334 006, Rajasthan, India
*Corresponding Author: Amit Kumawat, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agriculture University, Bikaner-334 006, Rajasthan, India, Email: amit.agron@gmail.com
Online Published on 21 November, 2025.
Freshwater in sufficient quantity and adequate quality is a prerequisite for human societies and natural ecosystems. To adequately feed 9.3 billion people in 2050, consumptive water use (i.e. transpired water) by all food and fodder crops needs to increase from its present estimated level of 7000 km3/year to 12,586 km3/year. However, fresh water resources are increasingly getting scarce because of increased competition among a multitude of users. Getting agriculture to perform with progressively smaller allocation of renewable water resources will remain a challenge on global scale. To meet the challenge there is an urgent need to improve the crop water productivity to ensure the sustainability of agriculture.
An experiment was carried out at village Menawali, Hanumangarh, Rajasthan during both kharif and rabi seasons to assess productivity, economics, N-uptake and water use of different crops. An area of 187 ha comprising 25 farmers irrigated by common irrigation channels were selected to collect the information. The information required i.e. soil, crop management, growth, phonological, yields, water balance, N-uptake and water use efficiency of each crops were collected from 15 farmers. Bt-cotton and clusterbean of kharif and wheat and Indian mustard in rabi were prominent crops, cotton-wheat, cotton-mustard, clusterbean-wheat and clusterbean-mustard were major cropping sequences of the study region.
In kharif season, Bt-cotton gave higher economic yields than clusterbean and amongst rabi season crops, economic yields of wheat and mustard were 4255, 1778 kg/ha, respectively. The economic yield of cropping sequences varied from 3741-6514 kg/ha and were higher for cotton-wheat (6218 kg/ha), intermediate for clusterbean-wheat (5785 kg/ha) and lower for cotton-mustard (3741 kg/ha) and clusterbean-mustard (3308 kg/ha). The cotton-wheat (`1181.2 mm) sequence had highest water use. Clusterbean-wheat cropping system recorded highest water productivity (16.5 kg/ha mm) followed by clusterbean-mustard (14.9 kg/ha mm). The clusterbean-mustard (`456/ha mm) cropping sequence was most profitable and fetched highest net return followed by clusterbean-wheat (`383/ha mm).
Clusterbean, Cotton, Growth, Phenological, Water balance
