Comparative in vitro Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity of Biologically Derived Nanohydroxyapatite and Commercial Nanohydroxyapatite

The poultry industry generates vast amounts of waste, including eggshells, which can be utilized as a source of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp). This sustainable approach can reduce waste disposal costs, minimize environmental pollution and provide valuable biomaterials for various applications.

Indian Hen eggshells, hybrid Hen eggshells and a commercially available nHAp sample (as a reference) were used in this study. The biologically derived nHAp samples were synthesized via a precipitation method and the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the nHAp samples were evaluated via the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay and MTT (Cell sensitivity) assay, respectively.

The results of the DPPH assay revealed that 3.125 μg/mL ascorbic acid was equivalent to 250 μg/mL Indian Hen eggshell-derived nHAp (IE1), whereas 1.56 μg/mL ascorbic acid was equivalent to 50 μg/mL hybrid Hen eggshell-derived nHAp (HE1). The reference sample showed that 0.78 μg/mL ascorbic acid was equivalent to 1 μg/mL ascorbic acid. The MTT assay revealed that all three nHAp samples were noncytotoxic and presented varying IC₅₀ values (IE1: 1797 μg/mL, HE1: 1348 μg/mL, reference: 1972 μg/mL), indicating potential suitability for biomedical applications.