Agricultural Science Digest
SCOPUS
  • Year: 2026
  • Volume: 46
  • Issue: 4

Identification of Promising Mutants in Gamma-Irradiated M2 Generation of the Soybean Line based on Morpho-Agronomic Traits

  • Author:
  • Nilahayati1, Deshinta Arrova Dewi2, Nanda3, Rosnina1, Khaidir1, Klodian Dhoska4, Swapna Donepudi5
  • Total Page Count: 6
  • Page Number: 580 to 585

1Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh, Jl. Cot Tgk. Ni Reuleut Timu, Aceh Utara24355, Indonesia.

2Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 71800, Malaysia.

3Graduate Student Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh, Jl. Cot Tgk. Ni Reuleut Timu, Aceh Utara24355, Indonesia.

4Department of Mechanics, Polytechnic University of Tirana, Albania.

5Department of CSE Prasad V Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada-520 001, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Corresponding Author: Nilahayati, Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Malikussaleh, Jl. Cot Tgk. Ni Reuleut Timu, Aceh Utara24355, Indonesia. Email: nilahayati@unimal.ac.id

Abstract

Gamma irradiation is an effective physical mutagen used to induce genetic variation and support the development of improved soybean cultivars. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological changes and agronomic performance of the M.1.1.3 soybean line in the M2 generation derived from seeds irradiated with different gamma-ray doses.

The field experiment was conducted from November 2024 to March 2025 using four gamma irradiation-derived populations (0, 150, 250 and 350 Gy). A total of 704 M2 plants were assessed for morphological variations (leaf colour, stem morphology and sterility types) and eight agronomic traits, namely plant height, number of productive branches, flowering and maturity time, number of filled and empty pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield.

Gamma irradiation induced a range of distinct morphological abnormalities, notably chlorophyll mutants such as xantha and viridis, along with stem swelling and multiple forms of reproductive sterility, including complete sterility, partial sterility and poorly developed racemes. Moderate doses of gamma irradiation (150-250 Gy) enhanced key agronomic traits, notably the number of productive branches, the number of filled pods and seed yield per plant. In contrast, higher doses (350 Gy) significantly reduced plant height, pod formation, seed set and overall yield. Flowering and maturity were progressively delayed with higher irradiation doses. These results provide essential information for advancing superior mutant lines in subsequent generations and support future soybean breeding efforts.

Keywords

Agronomic traits, Chlorophyll mutants, M.1.1.3-Line, Process innovation, Sterility