Baba Farid University Dental Journal

Periodontal disease is a chronic microbial infection that triggers inflammation-mediated loss of periodontal and alveolar bone that supports the teeth. The increasing prevalenceand associated comorbidities of periodontal disease paved way to the development of new diagnostic test that could detect the presence of active disease, the course of the disease and its response to treatment, thereby improving the clinical management of periodontal patients.Hence various clinical trials have been attempted to identify potential biomarkers of periodontal disease activity. Patients with periodontitis may have elevated circulating levels of specific inflammatory markers that can be correlated to the severity of the disease. Advances in the use of oral fluids as possible biological samples for objective measure of the current disease state, treatment monitoring and prognostic indicators have boosted saliva and other oral based fluids to the forefront of technology. This review article highlights the recent advances that focus on the identification of active periodontal disease from the plaque biofilms, GCF and Saliva.