Comparison of bioactive synthetic graft material and open flap debridement in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects: A clinical and radiological study

Comparison of bioactive synthetic graft material and open flap debridement in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects:

Bioactive ceramic fillers are synthetic materials which have shown the potential to enhance bone formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a bioactive synthetic graft material in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.

Twenty intrabony defects in ten systemically healthy subjects having moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were evaluated for a period of 6 months after bone grafting with a bioactive synthetic material in test sites and open flap debridement alone in control sites. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were made at baseline and 6 months following surgery.

Mean radiographic defect fill of 65.24% (4.13±0.55mm) in test sites and 39.42% (1.87 ±1.29mm) was observed in control sites in 6 months, which was statistically significant. A statistically significant relative attachment level gain of 5.1±0.45mm in test sites and 2.0±0.26mm in control sites was recorded. Probing pocket depth reduction of 5.01±0.36mm was recorded at test sites and it was 2.8±0.20mm at control sites, at the end of the study. Non significant changes were recorded in plaque and gingival index scores.

Bioactive glass is an efficacious treatment option for the reconstruction of intrabony periodontal defects as it led to statistically significant improvements in the clinical and radiographic parameters as compared to open flap debridement alone.