“Understanding of the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea – An important tool for the correct diagnosis and better treatment planning”

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by repetitive, episodic collapse of the pharyngeal airway. Over the last two decades, understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disordered breathing, which includes OSA, has improved. Once thought to be predominately related to anatomic constriction of the maxillomandibular complex, central nervous system regulation of breathing is now recognized as a significant contributor to the pathogenesis of OSA. The purpose of this article is to review the biomechanics of the upper airway as it relates to the pathophysiology of OSA, to discuss emerging concepts of ventilator control mechanisms in normal sleep versus sleep-disordered breathing and to discuss the concept of complex sleep apnea, a new category of sleep disordered breathing with both obstructive and central features.