Analysis of differentially expressed diverse non-coding rnas in different stages of lactation of murrah buffalo

It is now well known that the non-coding RNA molecules control the complex molecular mechanisms that leads to the basic process of life. The rapid development of bioinformatics, sequencing technologies, proteomics and microarrays has resulted in the identification of a vast variety of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which regulates most of the cellular mechanisms. However, it is not yet clear as to how these ncRNAs are expressed in lactating buffalo. The milk RNAs from early, mid and late lactation phases of Murrah buffalo were examined by Small RNA-Seq data Analysis (COMPSRA) pipeline to understand the interaction among different ncRNAs. As the human reference genome is better annotated than buffalo genome, the filtered reads were aligned to it. The findings revealed that potential ncRNAs are involved in different phases of lactation in buffalo. Total 284 miRNAs, 6175 piRNAs, 123 tRNAs, 253 snRNAs, and 49 snoRNAs were found in the early stage of lactation. During mid lactation, 318 miRNAs, 4554 piRNAs, 151 tRNAs, 293 snRNAs and 134 snoRNAs were found whereas, 330 miRNAs, 6166 piRNAs, 131 tRNAs, 286 snRNAs and 66 snoRNAs were detected in late lactation stage. In addition, the study discovered several ncRNAs in early-mid, mid-late and early-late comparative stages that showed significant differential expression. These ncRNAs can be used as potential research targets for regulating lactation in future.