Antimicrobial activity of ABO₃ perovskite nanoparticles (BNN, SNN, and BSNN) against Bacillus subtilis

Perovskite oxides (ABO3) have been emerged as antimicrobial agents. Present study was undertaken on the synthesis and characterization of three perovskite nanoparticles: Ba(Ni_0.5 Nb_0.5)O₃ (BNN), Sr (Ni_0.5 Nb_0.5)O₃ (SNN), and BaSr(Ni_0.5 Nb_0.5)O₃ (BSNN), using the solid-state method. UV-Vis spectroscopy of these nanoparticles revealed distinct absorption peaks with energy band gaps: 3.37 eV for BNN, 2.43 eV for SNN, and 2.77 eV for BSNN. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed well-defined spherical particles with average sizes of 23.06 nm for BNN, 22.94 nm for SNN, and 21 nm for BSNN.The antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was tested against Bacillus subtilis using agar well diffusion method. BNN and SNN showed moderate, while BSNN exhibited larger zone of inhibition, suggesting higher antimicrobial activity.