The objective of the study was to provide future prospects of molecular markers and genome editing technology in the mutton production. In the country presently, Indian populations food habit are changing day by day and people are shifting towards non-vegetarian diet. The availability of the meat for human consumption is very less according to daily minimum requirement. With the help of the molecular markers in sheep breeding programme the per animal availability of meat can be increased with same input without any additional loss of natural resources. The fecundity gene which is playing major role in prolificacy identified in Garole and Kendrapada sheep breeds. This gene is introgressed in the other non-prolific sheep breeds in India like Deccani and Malpura. After introgression of the fecundity gene and new born lambs in prolific sheep are selected on the basis of molecular marker at the time of birth. Due to fecundity gene the chance for two, three or four lambs in single lambing increases as compared to their native breeds. This leads to quantitative improvement of the mutton production in sheep. In modern lifestyle diseases are emerging as a big threat to human being in India and world. There are several non-communicable diseases like diabetes, obesity, hypertension and hypotension, cancer and mental stress increasing tremendously. By the interventions in the food habitats in daily life, the modern life style diseases in human being can be controlled delaye with the help of the genome editing technology in sheep, quality of the mutton is improved. The incorporation of the omega-3 fatty acids synthesis gene and knockdown of myostatin gene in sheep has improved the quality of sheep mutton. Presently, several livestock based products quality modifications according to human need based research is in progress in various institution in India.
