Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika

Availability of energy in the ruminant livestocks depends on the types of food and rumen fermentation process efficiency. Forage/fodder digestions in ruminant livestocks are nearly half of what have been taken in feeding interval, because the green or dry forage/fodder digestion is not much efficient due to poor rumen fermentation process in mostly ruminants. Rumen microorganism has wide genus and species level bio-diversity which depend on the availability of forage/fodder. Rumen microorganisms are living in anaerobic environment condition and most of them are unculturable in the laboratory. Very few rumen microorganisms have been isolated and cultivated in the laboratory. This review highlights the diversity and important function of the rumen micro biota. Rumen micro biota availability and activity is affected by diet composition in ruminant livestocks and wild animals. In the future, there is lot of scope for the improvement of rumen fermentation. Through modification of rumen micro-biota population activity can increase livestock's productivity by conserving the natural resources.