Livestock Resources (Sans Goat and Sheep) of Jammu and Kashmir: A Comprehensive Overview

This review article provides a comprehensive examination of the diverse genetic resources of livestock and poultry except goat and sheepin the Jammu and Kashmir (J and K) region of India. It highlights the unique characteristics and historical significance of indigenous cattle, buffaloes, horses, donkeys, pigs, yaks, camels and various poultry breeds. The indigenous cattle, influenced by historical influxes and local adaptations, display distinct traits such as a hump, small stature and polled head. Buffaloes, particularly the valued Nilli Ravi breed, are predominantly found in the Jammu region. Horses, especially the Zanskari breed, are noted for their hardiness in high-altitude regions. The yak, vital to the Himalayan ecosystem, exhibits remarkable adaptation to harsh climates, providing sustenance and livelihood to local communities. The critically endangered Bactrian camel, introduced via the silk road, requires conservation efforts. Poultry breeds like the Kashmir Faverolla and Kashmir Anz geese are well-adapted to the region's climatic conditions. The review describes the importance of characterizing and conserving these genetic resources to sustain their ecological, cultural and economic contributions to the region.