1College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur-313 001, Rajasthan, India
2National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee-247 667, Uttarakhand, India
3Department of Agricultural Engineering, Aditya University, Surampalem, Kakinada-533 437, Andhra Pradesh, India
*Corresponding Author: K. Bharath Kumar, College of Technology and Engineering, MPUAT, Udaipur-313 001, Rajasthan, India. Email: bharathkumar.komatineni@gmail.com
The Geographic Information System (GIS) technique plays an important role in groundwater estimation. Hence, this study employs GIS techniques within ArcGIS 9.3 Software to investigate the Spatio-temporal variations in groundwater levels across the Agra district of Uttar Pradesh, India.
Utilizing data from 129 piezometer wells obtained from the National Institute of Hydrology at Roorkee, the research covers pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons spanning the years 2017 to 2020. Multiple topographic and spatial maps were generated to illustrate the groundwater level variations in different subdivisions of the Agra district.
The results reveal significant fluctuations in subsurface water levels among various sections of the district, with a noticeable but not alarming overall decline. The pre-monsoon groundwater levels show a consistent decrease, from 16.98 meters below ground level (mbgl) in 2017 to 26.27 mbgl in 2020, growing at a mean annual rate of 3.58%. Similarly, the post-monsoon groundwater levels declined from 15.23 mbgl in 2017 to 25.84 mbgl in 2020, with a mean annual growth rate of 3.34%. A comparative analysis indicates higher pre-monsoon groundwater levels from 2017 to 2020 than their post-monsoon counterparts. These findings raise concerns regarding the availability of groundwater resources in the Agra district.
Geographic information system, Groundwater, Piezometer, Pre-monsoon, Post-monsoon seasons, Spatial maps, Topographic maps
