Reconfiguring Food Systems for Food Security-Synergies among Productivity Enhancement, Supply Chain Efficiency and Farmer Income Growth: A Review

Ensuring food security continues to be a major global challenge, driven by rapid population growth, climate change, declining natural resources and socio-economic disparities that affect sustainable food production and access. Recent reports suggest that over 733 million people suffered from undernourishment in 2023, highlighting the urgent requirement for resilient and sustainable agri-food systems. This review evaluates crop yield optimization and post-harvest loss reduction as two complementary strategies for strengthening food security at global and national levels, with particular reference to India. It examines recent developments in sustainable agronomic practices, improved crop genotypes, precision agriculture, integrated nutrient and water management, diversified farming systems and climate-resilient technologies that enhance productivity while maintaining ecological balance. The review also examines the magnitude and underlying causes of post-harvest losses, while highlighting improved storage, processing and distribution strategies that can increase food availability and affordability. A systems-based approach integrating technological innovation, sustainable resource management and policy support is essential for long-term food and nutritional security.