A comparative hepatoprotective effect of liraglutide and nano extracts of Ficus carica and Olea europaea leaves on diabetes-induced in laboratory animals

Effects of Liraglutide and nano extracts of ficus carica and Olea europaea leaves (NEML) on liver were investigatedin type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats’ model. Forty male albino Wistar rats were used in this experimental study. Thirty rats were injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) with STZ single dose (60 mg/kg) to induce T2DM and assigned into groups (2, 3 & 4). Ten rats served as negative control (group 1, NDC). Group (2) rats served as positive control (DC), group (3) (LD) received Liraglutide subcutaneous injected (0.2 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks; group (4) (NEML) received orally NEML (45×10⁷ ng/250gb.w./day) for eight weeks. After eight weeks, rats were killed and blood collected for assessment of liver functions. Liver were harvested for histopathological examination. Results showed significantly elevated serum levels of alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate amino transferase (AST), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in groups (2) indicative of hepatocellular damage. Histopathological liver examination revealed marked hepatic degeneration characterized by vascular congestion and degeneration of endothelial lining, cellular infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation, hydropic degeneration, focal necrosis, nuclear pleomorphism, and loss of kupffer and endothelial cells lining blood sinusoids, bile duct proliferation compared to control group. Alterations of liver functions and hepatocytes lesions were significantly reduced with Liraglutide (group 3) and nano extracts of NEML (group 4). In conclusion, treatment with Liraglutide and nano extract of NEML leaves restored altered parameters in liver enzymes towards normal, and nano extract of NEML leaves exhibited better hepatoprotective properties against diabetic-induced hepatocellular damage than Liraglutide.