Detection of Melamine in Milk Using Nanotechnology

Melamine is a poisonous substance which causes formation of kidney stone, nephrolithiasis, kidney injury in infant as well as in adult human beings by the ingestion of melamine contaminated food items, powder formula, powder milk. Nobel metal may be used to shape a type of nano-particles, known as NMNPs, which are inert (oxidation-resistant/corrosion resistant) and have special physical and optical properties. NMNPs are extremely detailed and responsive visual bio sensors for the analysis of a broad variety of inorganic and organic components and are particularly gold and silver nano-particles (AuNPs and AgNPs). Colorimetric changes result in a specific and sensitive identification of contaminants, heavy metals, nucleic acids, lipeid, protein, antibody, and other molecules through interactions between noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) and inorganic/organic molecules. Capping agents can react or transfer, causing cross-connection and non-cross binding, broadening, or modifying local surface plasmone resonance absorption, to the hydrogen bondage, electrostatic interaction, and steric effects of inorganic and organic molecules with surface NMNPs. A collection of independent, fast and low-cost diagnostic products with colorimetric or clear visual reading have been extensively applied to NMNPs-based bio sensors.