A Review: Types of Bioreactors and its Application for Sustainable Environment

Biotechnology is not just the sum of microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, engineering, etc.; no, it is an integration of these disciplines, and that involves much more than simple addition. Integration and application are key words found in most definitions of biotechnology. In particular, the integration of biological and engineering principles is essential when designing bioreactors. The bioreactor should be designed to meet the specific biological and technological requirements of the process. Of course, the quality and price of the product are decisive for commercial implementation. Thus, the goal of bioreactor design can be defined as “minimizing the cost of the product in question while maintaining the desired quality within biological and technological constraints.” This does not a priori mean that minimizing the cost of the bioreactor also means minimizing the cost of the integral process. Bioreactor systems play an important role in tissue engineering because they enable reproducible and controlled changes in specific environmental factors. They can provide the technical means to conduct controlled studies aimed at understanding specific biological, chemical or physical effects. In addition, bioreactors enable the safe and reproducible production of tissue constructs. For later clinical applications, the bioreactor system should be an advantageous method in terms of low risk of contamination, easy handling and scalability.