Eco-friendly Nanofungicides: Biogenic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in the Management of Wheat Fungal Infections

This review explores the potential of biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as eco-friendly nanofungicides for managing fungal infections in wheat, a crucial global crop. Traditional fungicides, while effective, pose environmental risks and contribute to pathogen resistance. Biogenic ZnO NPs, synthesized using green chemistry approaches, offer a sustainable alternative, combining the antifungal properties of zinc with the benefits of nanotechnology. The review discusses various biogenic synthesis methods, their impact on nanoparticle properties and the mechanisms through which ZnO NPs inhibit fungal growth. We also examine the current challenges and future prospects of deploying ZnO NPs in agricultural practices, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize wheat disease management.