Fruit-bud differentiation in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) : A review

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) reproductive development extends over two growing seasons (vegetative cycles) for complete formation of inflorescences and clusters, and reproductive cycle (development of a cluster). The process of induction and floral differentiation, which leads to creation of reproductive structures within dormant buds, is intricate and occurs in three distinct stages: formation of anlagen, inflorescence primordia, and flowers. This sequence of stages involves morphological, biochemical, and physiological changes, all influenced by a range of environmental and internal factors. The review describes the morphology and physiology of fruit-bud differentiation, as well as discusses the main abiotic and biotic factors involved.