Overview of power angle monitoring for power system operation

Various types of angles have been defined in power system for their monitoring for control for ensuring-secure operation of the electrical grid. Among these, power angle is one of the most widely used by-grid operators as this signifies the direction of power flow as well as allowable limit for ensuring angular-stability. This paper describes how monitoring and utilization of angular separation by system operators have evolved over time with advancements in measurement technology. It also highlights how situational awareness of the system operators has helped in managing the complex electrical network which is undergoing through various transition phases with technological advancement.