Operational Planning for High-Demand Periods in the Indian Power System: Leveraging Operational Experience and Policy Interventions

In the context of Indian Grid, the impact of weather on both the demand and supply sides is noteworthy. The increasing reliance on weather-sensitive appliances, particularly those associated with cooling needs such as air-conditioning, is contributing to a surge in electricity demand. Simultaneously, the growing integration of weather-dependent renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro into the grid adds another layer of complexity. This dual influence of weather on demand and supply underscores the evolving dynamics of the grid. However, the challenge intensifies due to changing weather patterns and the rising occurrence of extreme weather events attributed to climate change. These factors collectively elevate the complexity of resource adequacy planning, necessitating a comprehensive approach to address the variability in both demand and supply aspects within the dynamic context of the Indian electricity grid.

The rising influence of climate change on extreme weather events, particularly heatwaves and alterations in monsoon patterns, and with growing uncertainties in weather patterns, strategic planning and thorough preparations are inevitably required for secure and reliable grid operation.

At present, in India, coal power plays a significant role in the energy mix, accounting for about half of the total installed capacity and over 75% of the energy mix. However, while coal remains a cornerstone, it is essential to acknowledge and address the constraints associated with other conventional energy sources. Gas power stations, despite their potential, face challenges on the supply side due to factors such as fluctuating gas availability and pricing dynamics, impacting their operational reliability. Also, hydroelectric power generation, another vital component of the electrical energy mix, encounter limitations attributed to the finite capacity of storage and therefore energy limitations. The paper describes the operational planning during the high demand period which highlights the constrains and challenges navigated through strategic resource adequacy planning for meeting country’s high demand.