Carbon Nanomaterials: Applications in Physico-chemical Systems and Biosystems

In the present article, various forms of carbon and carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and a new approach to classify them on the basis of sp²-sp³ configuration are presented. Utilising the concept of junction formation (like p:n junction) a concept is developed to explain the special reactivity of nanosized carbon materials. Geometric consideration of chiral and achiral symmetry of single-walled carbon nanotubes is presented which is also responsible for manifesting special properties of carbon nanotubes. A brief introduction to various common synthesis techniques of CNMs is given. These is increased chemical and biological activities have resulted in many engineered nanoparticles, which are being designed for specific purposes, including diagnostic or therapeutic medical uses and environmental remediation.