Analysis of genetic parameters, correlation and path coefficients in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

This study aimed to assess the genetic potential of 140 sesame genotypes from Niger to develop strategies for improving grain yields in the Sahelian region. The research combined an analysis of genetic parameters with an investigation into the interrelationships among yield components to advance selection criteria for local breeding programs. Using an Alpha-Lattice experimental design, eight key agronomic traits were measured. Analysis revealed significant genetic diversity among the accessions. High broad-sense heritability was found for yield (99.34%), days to maturity (82.60 %) and seeds per capsules (70.62 %), indicating strong genetic control and good potential for selective improvement. Conversely, the weight of 1,000 grains had very low heritability (9.24 %), suggesting major environmental influence. Path analysis identified the number of capsules per plant as having the most significant positive direct effect on yield (0.213). Consequently, the study concludes that breeding programs in Niger should prioritize the number of capsules per plant as the primary selection criterion for effectively increasing sesame yield.