Inter-state migration to Kerala: A study on the role of social networking and social capital in the migration process and decision making

Migration is a part of human history since its beginning because people decided to move from one location to another in search of better living conditions and employment opportunities throughout the course of time. Inter-state migrants have become one of Kerala’s wealth creators and they have become an integral part of the social, economic and political part of the economy. The state of Kerala is known for achieving a high human development index and it is also known for socio-reform movements and political movements. Kerala’s economy has experienced emigration to the Middle East and the Gulf countries and also to other foreign countries. This has created job opportunities and wealth in the state. Higher wages and employment opportunities in the informal sector of the economy have attracted migrants from northern states of West Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Jharkhand etc. The present paper analyses the role of social networks and social capital in the flow of inter-state migrants into the state of Kerala. The study uses mixed methodology and has collected information through a primary survey from 200 inter-state migrant workers in the construction sector. A theoretical understanding of social capital and network analysis along with empirical research helps to identify the flow of migrants from one location to another within the state. The role played by social networks and social capital is found essential for establishing and maintaining the life of inter-state migrants in Kerala. The study has shown how these networks work and how it influences the decision of migrant labourers. Such networks help in initiating their journey to and within Kerala and providing them with better economic and non-economic support. This paper also highlights the fact that the risks and cost involved in migration is reduced through the active association among their kinship. The study suggests policy recommendations which should aim at including the migrants in the planning and their development through ensuring efficient work and living environment.