Production potential and net returns in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) + cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop sequence

The results of 2 years field experiment showed that maximum grain and straw yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) were obtained when it was preceded by sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] + cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] (fodder) followed by after cowpea grain (stover incorporation). Phosphorus applied to previous rainy-season (kharif) crops up to 30 kg/ha and direct applied N to wheat up to 75 kg/ha, helped in increasing the grain and straw yields of wheat in both the years. There was no significant increase in the yield beyond 30 kg P₂O₅/ha. Growth parameters of wheat, i.e. plant height, leaf-area index, dry matter and number of tillers/plant, responded favourably to inclusion of legumes (during rainy season) in cropping systems and N applied to wheat only up to 75 kg/ha.