Growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) grown in association with nitrogen fixing trees

An agri-silvicultural study was initiated during (1997–99) at the Regional Research Station, Bijapur, Karnataka, under semiarid conditions. The trial consisted of 9 year old two nitrogen fixing trees viz., Faidherbia albida and Hardwickia binaia, planted at 7.2 and 12.6 m row spacing and 3 distances viz., 1, 2 and 3 m away from nitrogen fixing trees and the arable crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was introduced in the interspace of nitrogen fixing trees at 60 cm x 30 cm spacing.