Integrated input management in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy and winter seasons of 1990–91 to 1996–97 on medium black, calcareous soil (pH 7.8 to 8.0) at Junagadh (Gujarat). The effect of tillage practices on yield and yield attributes of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) cropping system was found non-significant. While treatment 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (12.5, 25, 0 N, P,K kg/ha) with crop residue (1.5 tonnes/tonnes + FYM or green manure @ 5 tonnes/ha) along with 30% higher plant density resulted in higher pod and haulm yields of groundnut as well as grain and straw yields of wheat. Normal tillage in the rainy season and reduced tillage in the winter season with incorporation of various inputs enhanced the total uptake of nutrients (N, P and K). Integrated input management increased uptake by crop and soil status. After 6 years of cropping system, the net amount of N and P added to the soil ranged from 244 to 413 kg/ha and 343 to 409 kg/ha respectively. While the depletion of K ranged from 123 to 323 kg/ha. The highest net returns were obtained under reduced tillage in winter and under higher input levels. The highest net returns Rs 31,366/ha with benefit: cost of 2.95 was obtained under reduced tillage. Higher net returns (Rs 31,219/ha) with higher benefit: cost ratio were obtained under integrated nutrient management along with 30% higher plant density treatment.