Energy-efficient and economically viable agro-techniques for sustainable maize (Zea mays)-based cropping systems in light-textured soils of West Bengal

A field experiment was conducted during 2010–12 at Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, to analyse cropping systems in energy terms and to evaluate alternative solutions, especially for arable crops. The trial was carried out in a split-plot design with 2 main-plot (tillage), 2 subplot (mulching) and 4 sub-subplot treatments (INM). The highest net energy value was obtained with the conventional system, and the lowest with the conservation system. With respect to the treatments in maize (Zea mays L.)-blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] cropping system, conventional tillage produced the 3 years highest output energy (264.47 × 10³ MJ/ha). Maize was the crop that contributed much to the total output energy in the tillage systems, followed by blackgram. The highest benefit: cost ratio (1.73) was observed at zero tillage. Conservation tillage, mulching and application of vermicompost by partial replacement of chemical fertilizer opened up the better scope of energy conservation within the system by renewable sources.