Studies on andrographolide content and biological activities of plant extract of Andrographis paniculata from Thailand

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees, member of family Acanthaceae, commonly known as kalmegh, bearing andrographolide, a major diterpenoid was quantified in different parts (leaves, flowering tops, stems and roots) of plant using HPLC from Thailand. Additionally, the andrographolide contents and biological activities of the plant extracts from Thailand were also studied. Andrographolide was presented in all the three extracts of Andrographis paniculata collected from all the three different regions (North, Central and South) of Thailand. All the three extracts of Andrographis paniculata exhibited the potent anti-proliferative activity on Hep G2 cell lines with the IC₅₀ values ranging from 2.86±0.42 to 2.36±0.81 μg/ml. Similarly, the antioxidant activity of Andrographis paniculata extracts from three regions of Thailand was determined by the free radical scavenging activity and was found to vary from 0.10–0.13 mg/ml. The cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblast of Andrographis paniculata extracts from Thailand was assessed and the cell viability% at different concentrations varying from 0.1–1000 μg/ml was also observed. A. paniculata extract from Central region of Thailand was found to be the most effective in terms of percentage of cell viability and exhibited low cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblast. Thus, this study concluded that andrographolide was present in the extracts of A. paniculata from all the three regions of Thailand: North, Central and South. Also the extracts demonstrated potent anti-proliferative activity against Hep G2 and free radical scavenging activity and low cytotoxicity on human skin fibroblast.