Accumulation of heavy metals by Solanum melonuma irrigated with wastewater

Kolkata being a major city exhibit increase in population every day.When more people move into an area a whole slew of support facilities requires to be built:like housing developments, roads, shopping areas, and commercial and industrial facilities. When development occurs, the stress on the water resources of the region is increased to supply water to every individual Since British colonial times, the East kolkata wetland has been used for the disposal of sewage water from the city of kolkata. Historical records show that the population of Kolkata, began to expand rapidly from the 1900s, coinciding with the industrial expansion of the city. The East Kolkata Wetland indicates that waste water is a highly effective input for a cultivation land. From 1930 onwards, people living in the area have used this untreated sewage water for fisheries and agriculture. The quality of the untreated sewage water used by farmers in the wetlands has changed over time with changes in the population and industrial profile of the city of Kolkata. On the one hand, population and industrial growth have led to an increase in the toxicity of sewage. Agricultural plots using wastewater containing organic nutrients earn higher profits than those using groundwater. However, the profitability of vegetable production mostly checked here in Solanum melongena is negatively affected by the presence of heavy metals such as Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Nickel and Mercury that are found in the water and soil. It is observed that cadmium, lead, cromium, mercury, nickel concentration in Solanum melongena was 0.19 and 0.12 mg/kg; 1.59 and 1.47 mg/kg; 0.43 and 0.41; 0.09 and 0.06; 62.03 and 57.8mg/kg respectively in premonsoon and monsoon season, wheras the WHO/FAO permissible limit is 0.02mg/kg; 0.1–0.2mg/kg; 0.1mg/kg; 1.0 mg/kg; 67.90mg/kg only. Of the two opposing effects of wastewater irrigation, the positive effects of organic nutrients outweigh the negative effects of heavy metal toxicity.