Root Architecture in improving Soil fertility

The roots which originated from the main axis, irrespective of their size are designated as primary, while the secondary and tertiary are originated from primary and secondary roots, respectively. The more prominent rooting system, gives rise to efficient utilization of water and nutrients to the plant. Trees with deep tap root and extensive horizontal root development in top soil showed faster shoot growth. Such trees have enhanced shoot root ratio between 2 and 6. The penetration of root creates new channels within soil and makes the soil of adjacent area compact and rigid which results in formation of soil structure and loosening of soil and increases the rate of infiltration. The tree growing in problem soil has potential of roots for physiological modifications to have low internal nutrients demand, high tissue tolerance to toxic minerals, and changes in rhizosphere through symbiotic and non symbiotic association with microbes. Multi-genetic trait of root system can be modified to develop a desired architecture with the help of transgenic and mutagenic treatment which not only make the plant fit but can reclaim the nutrients deficient soil.