Omega (Ω3) and omega (Ω;-6) fatty acids rich oil in dairy ration: Reproductive and productive benefits -A review

For rural Indians, livestock rearing is an important source of employment, income and livelihood. Demand of milk is also ever increasing over time. The dairy animals achieve their genetic potential of production between the secondand fifthlactation of their life. After that, milk production declines gradually and prevalence of diseases increases. For sustained milk production round the year and maximum output from dairy farming sector, sound rearing approach of dairy animals including nutrition management and replacement of older and unproductive cows through culling plays a significant role. Supplementing adequate nutrients in proper amount and proper proportion is paramount to the growth, production and reproduction in dairy cows. Among various supplements, energy is the most important one that need to be met for proper biological function. Cereals are generally used as energy rich concentrate for ruminants. However, inclusion of excess cereals impairs the ruminal digestion due to acidosis. Therefore, oil supplements are used for increasing the energy density of fast growing heifers and lactating cows. Certain oils/ oilseeds not only increase the energy density of ration only, but have numerous significant biological functions in addition to providing energy also. This is because of the specific fatty acid composition of these oils. This review compiles the role of unsaturated oils/ oilseeds in improving the performance of cattle.