1Division of Veterinary Medicine Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar-190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Alusteng, Srinagar-190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding Author: Showkat Ul Nabi, Division of Veterinary Medicine Ethics and Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar-190 006, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Email: showkatnabi@gmail.com
Online published on 1 August, 2022.
Penicillin belongs to the β-Lactam group of antibiotics which is used as a first-line drug in veterinary medicine. The occurrence of penicillin anaphylaxis and its pathophysiology is rarely reported in ruminants.
In the present study, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory response were investigated in 4 cases (Jersey crossbred) of penicillin hypersensitivity by assessing oxidative stress biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Animals in the current experimental plan were divided into three groups, group I included penicillin hypersensitive (n=4), group II included penicillin tolerant (n=6) and group III (n=10), included healthy control animals.
Mean values of temperature, heart rate and respiration were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in the penicillin-sensitive group compared to the penicillin tolerant and control group. The present study revealed significantly (p<0.05) elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), while as levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly reduced in the penicillin-sensitive group. Levels of G6PD showed significant positive correlation with GPx (r=0.54, P<0.001) and catalase (r=0.34, P<0.05) while as significant negative correlation with XO (r=0.39, P<0.05) was observed. Collectively, these findings indicate that the pathophysiology of penicillin hypersensitivity involves anti-oxidant imbalance and enhanced proinflammatory response and targeting these pathways can have therapeutic implications for penicillin hypersensitivity.
Hypersensitivity, Oxidative stress, Penicillin, Pro-inflammatory response
