Phytotherapeutic Control of Coccidiosis in Livestock and Poultry Animals: Harnessing Plant Heritage for Novel Drug Discovery- Ethnobotanical Insights and Modern Validation: A Review

Coccidiosis, caused by Eimeria species, is a major parasitic disease affecting livestock and poultry, leading to significant economic losses. Conventional treatments are increasingly limited due to drug resistance and concerns over chemical in the livestock products. This review aims to identify and evaluate novel medicinal plants with established ethnobotanical relevance as potential alternatives for the treatment of coccidiosis. Drawing from traditional medicinal practices, plant species historically used for various are explored and assessed their phytochemical constituents, efficacy and safety profiles based on modern scientific evidence. Additionally, recent advances in drug delivery and formulation to improve bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes of plant-based are examined in the present review. The present study also addresses key challenges including standardization, formulation, validation method, mode of action and integration into current veterinary practices. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based assessment of plant-derived therapeutics for sustainable and effective coccidiosis management, bridging traditional knowledge with modern veterinary science.