1Department of Zoology, GVM Girls College, Sonepat-131 001, Haryana, India
2Department of Environment Studies, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh-123 031, Haryana, India
3Department of Biochemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124 001, Haryana, India
4School of Sciences, Intellectual Institute of Management and Technology University, Meerut-250 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
*Corresponding Author: Vineeta Shukla, School of Sciences, Intellectual Institute of Management and Technology University, Meerut-250 002, Uttar Pradesh, India, Email: vineeta.zoo@mdurohtak.ac.in
Online published on 30 January, 2026.
For decades, fertilizers have boosted agricultural productivity but at high economic, environmental and health costs. Nano-fertilizers offer a sustainable and cost-effective alternative by serving as efficient nutrient carriers with controlled release and targeted delivery, thereby reducing the need for excessive agrochemicals. Their integration with microorganisms as nano-biofertilizers further enhances soil fertility and crop yield. With potential to cut conventional fertilizer use by 50%, nanomaterials also interact uniquely with plant systems through stomatal entry or vascular penetration. This review highlights the production, mechanisms, soil interactions and environmental implications of nano-fertilizers, emphasizing their role in mitigating biodiversity loss, biomagnification and soil fauna decline caused by agrochemicals. Finally, it underscores the need for advanced research and policymaking to harness nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture and agrochemical remediation.
Agrochemicals, Nano biofertilizers, Nanoremediation, Seed science, Vermicompost
