Energy prediction based heterogeneous mobile clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) facilitate new applications and require non-conventional paradigms for protocol design due to several constraints. One of the limitations of wireless sensor nodes is their inherent limited energy source. In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) hundred or more sensor nodes are present for sensing purpose. These sensor nodes have limited battery life and their recharging is difficult. Thus, to stretch out the lifetime of wireless sensor networks many optimization techniques had been introduced. Clustering is an admired proposal for enhancing the lifespan of the network. Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) was the first hierarchical based clustering algorithm in which cluster heads are determined using probabilistic approach in a distributed manner. After that protocol many other protocols had been introduced which utilize selecting the cluster heads and rotating them to balance the energy usage, but none of these protocol consider predicted residual energy, the energy of a sensor node which is left behind after selecting as a cluster head and run a complete round. Thus, in this work fuzzy based prediction has been utilized for appropriate clustering and heterogeneity will be added to the network so as to prolong the lifetime of the network. A further enhancement in network lifetime will be done by introducing mobile sensors into the network. The main responsibility of these mobile sensors is to replace any dead node in the network so that stable region will increased. The simulation results of proposed protocol shows a significant improvement in terms of FND (First Node Dead), HND (Half Node Dead) compared to LEACH, Energy Efficient Hierarchical Clustering (EEHC) and LEACH–Expected Residual Energy (LEACH-ERE).