A survey on routing protocols for underwater sensor wireless networks

Underwater communication in recent times has gained great importance owing to reasons varying from predicting natural disasters to formulating strategic defence systems. Underwater communication systems face challenges ranging higher propagation delays to frequency related constraints like bandwidth limitations, Doppler spread, multipath propagation and is greatly affected by distance between nodes and link orientation. This calls for the formation of most appropriate routing protocol for UASN. This paper explores the significant advantages, disadvantages and applications of different existing routing protocols