Automated Diastolic Blood Pressure (ADBP) Variation on Respiratory Pattern

The two components of blood pressure are systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure replicates the pressure inside arteries when the heart pumps while Diastolic Blood Pressure represents the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats. However, the two components of respiration are inhalation and exhalation. Blood Pressure is established to decrease during inhalation and increase during exhalation. To effectively use this approach to reduce BP more, study of different respiratory pattern could be of important. It has been showed deep breathing exercises could reduce automated diastolic blood pressure (ADBP).This study aimed to quantitatively investigate the effect of different breathing pattern on ADBP. It involved forty healthy subjects (15males and 25 females, aged from 18 to 60 years). ADBP were measured using a clinically validated automated blood pressure device. Two repeated measurement sessions were employed for each subject. Eight ADBP measurements were performed within each session. This includes four measurements during breathing using different patterns (Pattern 1: 4.5sec of inhalation and exhalation each; Pattern 2: 6sec inhalation and 2s exhalation; Pattern 3: 2sec inhalation and 6sec exhalation; Pattern 4: 1.5s inhalation and exhalation), and additional 4 measurements from 1 min after different breathing patterns. At the beginning and end of the two measurement sessions, there were two baseline ADBP measurements under resting condition. Lastly, the effect of breathing patterns on ADBP during and after deep breathing was analysed with the baseline ADBP. Experimental results showed that overall ADBP during deep breathing in Pattern 1, 2 and 4 were decreased by 3.7 ± 5.0 mmHg, 3.7 ± 4.9 mmHg and 4.6 ± 3.9 mmHg respectively (all p < 0.001, except in Pattern 3 with a decrease of 1.0 ± 4.3 mmHg, p = 0.14).To conclude, ADBP decrease with different breathing patterns has been quantitatively demonstrated.