Historical sustainable city-region from the past to the present

The city-region faced a group of varied problems throughout history. Such problems affected the level of sustainability and achievement of sustainable regional development. There is great need to study such phenomena and derive benefits. The major problems relate to the form of city-regions, the relation interaction between rural and urban areas, the physical pattern points of view, the occupational dynamics of city population, and the potentials of city-regions to support the settlers.

The phenomena of formation/emergence of cities could be studied with two eras. The first era is old regionalism divided into pre-industrial revolution and industrialization stage and technological Renaissance phase while the second era is the new regionalism. Characterizes the city-region with simplicity and high level of sustainability with limited concept of capacity in pre-industrial revolution while the manufacturing stage of industrialization leads to increase the boundaries intervention within the city-region and diversity of its forms and Entering into environmental resource depletion phase.

Technological Renaissance stage tried to absorb the damage caused by the industrialization by use of modern technology but conversely the resource depletion and pollution rates had increased and there was a different developmental levels For the city-regions due to the increase in the international trade and emergence of global cities which appeared clearly in new regionalism stage; there was a requirement for rehabilitating the city-region for the global competition besides existence of global development policies to ease pressures on all sectors of development. These led to the emergence of phenomena like urban ruralization and reverse migration and emergence of highly complex patterns of spatial and economic relations between the city-regions.