Managerial competencies and impact on management levels

Only in the last couple of decades the importance of managerial competencies were realized and researchers started studying the required competencies to be successful and effective managers. There are only a few empirical studies on this subject and those are mostly in the fields of education and engineering.

The managerial competencies and their effect on management skills on different management levels may vary across sectors and businesses, but this paper aims to draw a general outline for the competencies required to be an effective manager. It also aims to outline the impact of those competencies on different management levels.