Childlessness is a painful condition for the individuals and couples. However, it is usually seen as a private matter to be resolved; in the medical area or in the case of adoption. This condition has serious demographic, social and health implications. Living as an involuntarily childless is challenging for a women as well as for her felinity. Childlessness has long been seen as a personal tragedy for childlessness couples in general and particularly in women. Childless women are socially stigmatized and face grave personal and social consequences. Childlessness of women may be influenced by factors such as cultural background, educational level and labor force participation. In the younger age-groups, a large percentage of women are childless but the percentage drops rapidly and stabilizes at a lower level above age thirty-five years. Norms and social values in India favor higher fertility with marriage for females almost universal. The newly married girls in India are often given blessing by elders to beget large families and childless or lack of male child invites prejudice and ill will.
childlessness, reproductive health, women, reproductive problems, Haryana
