Energy efficient heterogeneous leach with enhanced stability for wireless sensor network systems

Wireless sensor network consists of one or more base station and lots of sensor nodes. These sensor nodes are scattered in a specific area and these are battery operated. Since, the energy of battery is limited alternative to this problem is either to recharge the battery or to replace it with other one. But practically it is not possible as these are large in numbers and may deploy in a harsh environment. LEACH was the first basic distributed clustering protocol that utilizes randomized rotation of cluster head to distribute energy load among sensors in network in order to not to dissipate the energy of a single node. Further, heterogeneity has been introduced in LEACH protocol to prolong the network lifetime by adding fraction of nodes with more energy called as advanced nodes. Thus, energy efficiency in heterogeneous LEACH is improved as compared to LEACH protocol. In this paper, an Energy Efficient Heterogeneous LEACH (EEHL) with enhanced stability has been proposed. This protocol results in improved energy efficiency and network lifetime by utilizing advanced nodes in an intelligent manner. On the basis of shortest distance, a normal cluster head transmit its data either to base station or its nearby advanced cluster head in order to minimize the energy consumption of a normal cluster head. Simulation has been carried out using MATLAB and shows that the stability period of the network has increased by 10% compared to Heterogeneous LEACH and by 32% as compared to LEACH protocol. Also, the network lifetime and energy consumption has been considered for proposed protocol evaluation. Simulation result shows that the proposed protocol outperforms LEACH and Heterogeneous LEACH.