1ICAR-National Institute of Natural Fibre Engineering and Technology, Kolkata, India
2ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Barhi, Jharkhand, India
*Corresponding author: niranjan0333@gmail.com
Online published on 7 September, 2022.
Textile sector provides livelihood from landless labourer, marginal farmers, retailers, small vendors to big industrialist. Share of GDP from textile sector in Indian economy is around 5.14 per cent in 2021. As the demand for eco-friendly, sustainable, anti-microbial clothes and fabric increases, textile industries tend to produce more diversified products with varying properties. More the produce, more will be the resource utilization and in turn residue generation will also increase simultaneously. Textile industries are supposed to generate huge voluminous toxic effluent generated during dry and wet process of yarn or fabric treatment. These effluents consists of carcinogenic dyes and chemicals which not only a threat to living beings but also to the environment. A holistic, novel and scientific methods towards effluent treatment is the need of the hour to tackle this alarming residue. This review is a collective effort towards effluent treatment methods used worldwide till date and different rules and regulation followed by the government towards its discharge.
In world, about 80% of wastewater are discharged into nature without proper treatment.
In India, only 37.1% of total sewage generation is being treated.
Major effluent treatment processes are Physical (adsorption, filtration, screening, chromatography, etc.), Chemical (oxidation, ozonation, photo-oxidation, etc.), Biological (microbial degradation, biofilms, bioreactor, phytoremediation, etc.) and Electrical.
Reduce, reuse and recycle must be followed to achieve safe disposal.
Textile, Fabric, Dyes, Effluent, Standards, Discharge, Environment
