Cryogenics in Space with particular reference to ISRO programs

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has developed Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicles (GSLV MK II and GSLV MK III). Earth Storable Propulsion System was used in PSLV. Cryogenic engines were developed for their application in GSLV. This review paper describes the development history of cryogenic engines in ISRO. Cryogenic engine has put India in 4-tonne class satellite launch capability in GTO. Also for ISRO's missions like Chandrayan – 2 and Human Space flight, it forms part of GSKLV MKIII.