Genital discharge in females-A Review

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health problem. In pre pubertal age group, gonococcal and chlamydia infections are common. In post pubertal age group, it is due to bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and candidiasis. In post-menopausal age, desquamative inflammatory vaginitis is most common. Sexually transmitted infection/reproductive tract infections (RTIs), in nonpregnant females have tremendous adverse consequences and can lead to pain, organ damage, pelvic inflammatory diseases, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Even though, pregnant females are regarded as low-risk group for acquiring infections, the effect and consequences are of more serious nature compared with the nonpregnant counterpart recent studies suggest that a decrease in lactobacilli may increase women's susceptibility to heterosexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection. Physicians need to be aware of emerging epidemiological data, the varying clinical presentations of vaginal discharge, and how to approach their management so that the symptom can be treated according to its aetiology. These infections can only be prevented if all patients are counselled and educated properly. Condom use has to be promoted and demonstrated. Partner treatment has to be stressed and notification slip to each partner has to be issued. Apart from all these factors, HIV testing is mandatory in all the cases.