Evaluation of Risk Factors and Clinical Outcome of Infective Endocarditis in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kerala

Infective endocarditis is a challenging disease with regional variation of pattern in its presentation

To explore the factors that could be associated with the outcome of patient diagnosed with infective endocarditis, which could be used for a better guidance in management.

This is a prospective study from January 2013 to December 2015. 50 patients with definite IE based on modified Duke's criteria were recruited into the study. Clinical presentation, risk factors, biochemical markers, echocardiography and outcome were obtained via chart review, clinic data and telephone call. Simple logistic regression was utilised for inferential statistic.

A total of 50 patients, 37 male (74%) and 13 female (26%) were included within the study. The mean age was 42 ± 16.4. Most patients (80.39%) were diagnosed within the first week of admission. Staphylococcus aureas was the most common pathogen (38%) and the mitral valve was predominantly affected (68%). Complication were common and in hospital mortality remains high (28%). 20% of the patient who had surgical intervention survived and discharged alive. Presence of complications predicts poor outcome (OR 5.5 p-value 0.02) whereas surgical intervention predicts good outcome (OR 1.56 p-value 0.027).

Mortality remains relatively high in patient with infective endocarditis. Those who presented with complications are at 5.5-fold risk of mortality. Surgical intervention showed association with good outcome within this cohort.