Antimicrobial resistance: Mitigation through farm biosecurity

Burgeoning demand for animal proteins for the growing human population has compelled the world to shift to the intensive farming system for animal rearing. The intensive farming system is highly conducive for the fast spread of animal diseases due to the high density of the animal population. The antimicrobials have been used continuously as therapeutics and prophylactics as well as growth promoters in group medication in animals. Global use of antibiotics in livestock has been estimated to the tune of 63,151 tonnes in 2010. The consumption has been projected to rise by 67% by 2030. Repeated exposure to suboptimal doses of antimicrobial agents creates ideal conditions for the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR is now a global public health concern due to serious consequences for animal and human health, food security and the environment. Optimizing the use of antimicrobials and exploring alternatives have become the current priorities throughout the world. The role of biosecurity in reducing the disease burden and optimizing antimicrobial use has been documented in studies on varied animal species and production systems. Better biosecurity is correlated with improved productivity and reduction of antimicrobial use. In this article, some of the studies highlighting the role of biosecurity in the reduction of antimicrobial use and thus, mitigation of AMR have been reviewed.