Antimicrobial resistance and one health: Vaccines for zoonotic bacterial infections

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging public health problem, worldwide over the decades. AMR causes treatment failure and high mortality due to ineffectiveness of available antibiotics. The economic implications associated with AMR in human and veterinary medicine are extensively high. Therefore, strict regulation policies have been adopted by several nations. Zoonotic pathogens are one which can be transmitted from animals to human or vice-versa via direct contact and vehicles such as food. Zoonotic AMR pathogens pose additional alarm. With rapidly emerging resistance to carbapenems and colisitin (last resort antibiotics for severe life-threatening infections in humans), compelling the research community to search and explore alternatives such as novel antimicrobials, bacteriophages, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines etc. Amongst these, vaccines always remain as the short- and long-term option in control and eradication of infectious diseases. This article discusses about AMR in zoonotic pathogens, role of vaccines in controlling AMR and advances in vaccine technology.